Tulyum
69
Tm
Grup
yok
Periyot
6
Blok
f
Protonlar
Elektronlar
Nötronlar
69
69
100
Temel Özellikleri
Atom numarası
69
Atom ağırlığı
168,93421
Kütle Numarası
169
Kategori
Lantanit
Renk
Gümüşi
Radyoaktif
Hayir
Named after Thule, the earliest name for Scandinavia
Kristal yapısı
Basit altıgen
Tarihi
Thulium was discovered by Swedish chemist Per Teodor Cleve in 1879 by looking for impurities in the oxides of other rare earth elements.
The first researcher to obtain nearly pure thulium was Charles James, a British expatriate working on a large scale at New Hampshire College in Durham.
High-purity thulium oxide was first offered commercially in the late 1950s.
The first researcher to obtain nearly pure thulium was Charles James, a British expatriate working on a large scale at New Hampshire College in Durham.
High-purity thulium oxide was first offered commercially in the late 1950s.
Enerji seviyesi başına Elektronlar
2, 8, 18, 31, 8, 2
Elektron dizilimi
[Xe] 4f13 6s2
Thulium ore occurs most commonly in China
Fiziksel Özellikleri
Faz
Katı
Yoğunluk
9,321 g/cm3
Ergime noktası
1818,15 K | 1545 °C | 2813 °F
Kaynama noktası
2223,15 K | 1950 °C | 3542 °F
Ergime ısısı
16,8 kJ/mol
Buharlaşma ısısı
250 kJ/mol
Isı kapasitesi
0,16 J/g·K
Dünya kabuğundaki bulunulabilirliği
0,000045%
Evrendeki bulunulabilirliği
1×10-8%
CAS Numarası
7440-30-4
PubChem CID Numarası
23961
Atom Özellikleri
Atom yarıçapı
176 pm
Kovalent yarıçapı
190 pm
Elektronegatifliği
1,25 (Pauling ölçeği)
İyonlaşma enerjisi
6,1843 eV
Atomik Hacim
18,1 cm3/mol
Isıl iletkenlik
0,168 W/cm·K
Yükseltgenme seviyeleri
2, 3
Uygulamalar
Thulium is used to dope yttrium aluminum garnets used in lasers.
It has also been used in high-temperature superconductors similarly to yttrium.
Thulium has use in ferrites, ceramic magnetic materials that are used in microwave equipment.
Thulium is used in euro banknotes for its blue fluorescence under UV light to defeat counterfeiters.
It has also been used in high-temperature superconductors similarly to yttrium.
Thulium has use in ferrites, ceramic magnetic materials that are used in microwave equipment.
Thulium is used in euro banknotes for its blue fluorescence under UV light to defeat counterfeiters.
Thulium is considered to be non-toxic
İzotoplar
Kararlı izotoplar
169TmKararsız izotoplar
145Tm, 146Tm, 147Tm, 148Tm, 149Tm, 150Tm, 151Tm, 152Tm, 153Tm, 154Tm, 155Tm, 156Tm, 157Tm, 158Tm, 159Tm, 160Tm, 161Tm, 162Tm, 163Tm, 164Tm, 165Tm, 166Tm, 167Tm, 168Tm, 170Tm, 171Tm, 172Tm, 173Tm, 174Tm, 175Tm, 176Tm, 177Tm, 178Tm, 179Tm