Toryum
90
Th
Grup
yok
Periyot
7
Blok
f
Protonlar
Elektronlar
Nötronlar
90
90
142
Temel Özellikleri
Atom numarası
90
Atom ağırlığı
232,03806
Kütle Numarası
232
Kategori
Aktinit
Renk
Gümüşi
Radyoaktif
Evet
Named after Thor, Scandinavian god of war
Kristal yapısı
Yüzey merkezli kübik
Tarihi
Thorium was discovered by Jöns Jacob Berzelius in 1828, in Stockholm, Sweden.
Thorium was first observed to be radioactive in 1898, independently, by Polish-French physicist Marie Curie and German chemist Gerhard Carl Schmidt.
The crystal bar process was discovered by Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer in 1925 to produce high-purity metallic thorium.
Thorium was first observed to be radioactive in 1898, independently, by Polish-French physicist Marie Curie and German chemist Gerhard Carl Schmidt.
The crystal bar process was discovered by Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer in 1925 to produce high-purity metallic thorium.
Enerji seviyesi başına Elektronlar
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 10, 2
Elektron dizilimi
[Rn] 6d2 7s2
Thorium fuel research is continuing in several countries including the USA and India
Fiziksel Özellikleri
Faz
Katı
Yoğunluk
11,7 g/cm3
Ergime noktası
2115,15 K | 1842 °C | 3347,6 °F
Kaynama noktası
5061,15 K | 4788 °C | 8650,4 °F
Ergime ısısı
16 kJ/mol
Buharlaşma ısısı
530 kJ/mol
Isı kapasitesi
0,113 J/g·K
Dünya kabuğundaki bulunulabilirliği
0,0006%
Evrendeki bulunulabilirliği
4×10-8%
Resim kaynağı: Wikimedia Commons (NASA/ESA/JHU/R.Sankrit & W.Blair)
The Earth's thorium originated in the death throes of ancient stars
CAS Numarası
7440-29-1
PubChem CID Numarası
23960
Atom Özellikleri
Atom yarıçapı
179 pm
Kovalent yarıçapı
206 pm
Elektronegatifliği
1,3 (Pauling ölçeği)
İyonlaşma enerjisi
6,3067 eV
Atomik Hacim
19,9 cm3/mol
Isıl iletkenlik
0,54 W/cm·K
Yükseltgenme seviyeleri
2, 3, 4
Uygulamalar
Thorium is used to coat tungsten filaments in light bulbs.
It is also used in its oxide form in gas tungsten arc welding to increase the high-temperature strength of tungsten electrodes and improve arc stability.
Thorium-magnesium alloys are used in the aerospace industry for aircraft engines.
It is also used in its oxide form in gas tungsten arc welding to increase the high-temperature strength of tungsten electrodes and improve arc stability.
Thorium-magnesium alloys are used in the aerospace industry for aircraft engines.
Thorium is highly radioactive
İzotoplar
Kararlı izotoplar
232ThKararsız izotoplar
209Th, 210Th, 211Th, 212Th, 213Th, 214Th, 215Th, 216Th, 217Th, 218Th, 219Th, 220Th, 221Th, 222Th, 223Th, 224Th, 225Th, 226Th, 227Th, 228Th, 229Th, 230Th, 231Th, 233Th, 234Th, 235Th, 236Th, 237Th, 238Th