Hafniyum
72
Hf
Grup
4
Periyot
6
Blok
d
Protonlar
Elektronlar
Nötronlar
72
72
106
Temel Özellikleri
Atom numarası
72
Atom ağırlığı
178,49
Kütle Numarası
178
Kategori
Geçiş metalleri
Renk
Gri
Radyoaktif
Hayir
From Hafinia, the Latin name for Copenhagen
Kristal yapısı
Basit altıgen
Tarihi
In 1911, Georges Urbain claimed to have found the element in rare-earth residues which was shown later to be a mixture of already discovered lanthanides.
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy found it by X-ray spectroscopic analysis in Norwegian zircon in 1922.
Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer were the first to prepare metallic hafnium by passing hafnium tetra-iodide vapor over a heated tungsten filament in 1924.
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy found it by X-ray spectroscopic analysis in Norwegian zircon in 1922.
Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer were the first to prepare metallic hafnium by passing hafnium tetra-iodide vapor over a heated tungsten filament in 1924.
Enerji seviyesi başına Elektronlar
2, 8, 18, 32, 10, 2
Elektron dizilimi
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2
In powdered form, hafnium is pyrophoric and can ignite spontaneously in air
Fiziksel Özellikleri
Faz
Katı
Yoğunluk
13,31 g/cm3
Ergime noktası
2506,15 K | 2233 °C | 4051,4 °F
Kaynama noktası
4876,15 K | 4603 °C | 8317,4 °F
Ergime ısısı
25,5 kJ/mol
Buharlaşma ısısı
630 kJ/mol
Isı kapasitesi
0,144 J/g·K
Dünya kabuğundaki bulunulabilirliği
0,00033%
Evrendeki bulunulabilirliği
7×10-8%
CAS Numarası
7440-58-6
PubChem CID Numarası
23986
Atom Özellikleri
Atom yarıçapı
159 pm
Kovalent yarıçapı
175 pm
Elektronegatifliği
1,3 (Pauling ölçeği)
İyonlaşma enerjisi
6,8251 eV
Atomik Hacim
13,6 cm3/mol
Isıl iletkenlik
0,23 W/cm·K
Yükseltgenme seviyeleri
2, 3, 4
Uygulamalar
Hafnium oxide-based compounds are being introduced into silicon-based chips to produce smaller, more energy efficient and performance packed processors.
Most of the hafnium produced is used in the production of control rods for nuclear reactors.
Hafnium is also used in photographic flash bulbs, light bulb filaments, and in electronic equipment as cathodes and capacitors.
Most of the hafnium produced is used in the production of control rods for nuclear reactors.
Hafnium is also used in photographic flash bulbs, light bulb filaments, and in electronic equipment as cathodes and capacitors.
Hafnium is considered to be non-toxic
İzotoplar
Kararlı izotoplar
176Hf, 177Hf, 178Hf, 179Hf, 180HfKararsız izotoplar
153Hf, 154Hf, 155Hf, 156Hf, 157Hf, 158Hf, 159Hf, 160Hf, 161Hf, 162Hf, 163Hf, 164Hf, 165Hf, 166Hf, 167Hf, 168Hf, 169Hf, 170Hf, 171Hf, 172Hf, 173Hf, 174Hf, 175Hf, 181Hf, 182Hf, 183Hf, 184Hf, 185Hf, 186Hf, 187Hf, 188Hf