Germanyum
32
Ge
Grup
14
Periyot
4
Blok
p
Protonlar
Elektronlar
Nötronlar
32
32
41
Temel Özellikleri
Atom numarası
32
Atom ağırlığı
72,63
Kütle Numarası
73
Kategori
Yarı metal
Renk
Gri
Radyoaktif
Hayir
From the Latin word Germania, Germany
Kristal yapısı
Yüzey merkezli kübik
Tarihi
In 1869, Dmitri Mendeleev predicted its existence and some of its properties based on its position on his periodic table and called the element eka-silicon.
In 1886, Clemens Winkler found the new element along with silver and sulfur, in a rare mineral called argyrodite.
The first silicon-germanium alloys were obtained in 1955.
In 1886, Clemens Winkler found the new element along with silver and sulfur, in a rare mineral called argyrodite.
The first silicon-germanium alloys were obtained in 1955.
Enerji seviyesi başına Elektronlar
2, 8, 18, 4
Elektron dizilimi
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2
Germanium and the oxide are transparent to infrared radiation
Fiziksel Özellikleri
Faz
Katı
Yoğunluk
5,323 g/cm3
Ergime noktası
1211,4 K | 938,25 °C | 1720,85 °F
Kaynama noktası
3106,15 K | 2833 °C | 5131,4 °F
Ergime ısısı
31,8 kJ/mol
Buharlaşma ısısı
334 kJ/mol
Isı kapasitesi
0,32 J/g·K
Dünya kabuğundaki bulunulabilirliği
0,00014%
Evrendeki bulunulabilirliği
0,00002%
CAS Numarası
7440-56-4
PubChem CID Numarası
6326954
Atom Özellikleri
Atom yarıçapı
122 pm
Kovalent yarıçapı
122 pm
Elektronegatifliği
2,01 (Pauling ölçeği)
İyonlaşma enerjisi
7,8994 eV
Atomik Hacim
13,6 cm3/mol
Isıl iletkenlik
0,599 W/cm·K
Yükseltgenme seviyeleri
-4, 1, 2, 3, 4
Uygulamalar
The most common use of germanium is as a semiconductor in electronics.
Germanium is used in transistors and in integrated circuits.
It is used as an alloying agent and as a catalyst.
It is also used in infrared spectroscopes and infrared detectors.
Germanium is used in transistors and in integrated circuits.
It is used as an alloying agent and as a catalyst.
It is also used in infrared spectroscopes and infrared detectors.
Germanium is not known to be toxic
İzotoplar
Kararlı izotoplar
70Ge, 72Ge, 73Ge, 74GeKararsız izotoplar
58Ge, 59Ge, 60Ge, 61Ge, 62Ge, 63Ge, 64Ge, 65Ge, 66Ge, 67Ge, 68Ge, 69Ge, 71Ge, 75Ge, 76Ge, 77Ge, 78Ge, 79Ge, 80Ge, 81Ge, 82Ge, 83Ge, 84Ge, 85Ge, 86Ge, 87Ge, 88Ge, 89Ge